Basic Body Parts
mom
|
body
|
kwanjeol
|
joint
|
ulgool
|
face & head
|
muh ree
|
head
|
noon
|
eye
|
gui
|
ear
|
ko
|
nose
|
in joong
|
philtrum
|
eep
|
mouth
|
tuhk
|
chin
|
mokoomeong
|
throat
|
mok
|
neck
|
ouka
|
shoulder
|
myung chi
|
solar plexus
|
pahl
|
arm
|
pahlkup
|
elbow
|
pahlmahk
|
forearm
|
ahn pahlmahk
|
inner side of forearm
|
bahkat pahlmahk
|
outer side of forearm
|
meet pahlmahk
|
palm side of forearm
|
wi pahlmahk
|
back side of forearm
|
deung pahlmahk
|
back of forearm
|
sahnmahk
|
wrist
|
sahn
|
hand
|
sahnkal
|
outside edge of hand (knifehand)
|
sahnkal deung
|
inside edge of hand (ridgehand)
|
sahn deung
|
back hand
|
joomok
|
fist
|
sahnkahrak
|
finger
|
sahnkeut
|
fingertip
|
momtong
|
trunk (middle section)
|
huri
|
waist
|
ahrae
|
lower body (low section)
|
noolro
|
groin
|
dahree
|
leg
|
mooreup
|
knee
|
ahp jung kang yi
|
shin
|
bahl mahk
|
ankle
|
bahl
|
foot (or feet)
|
bahldung
|
instep
|
bahlbong oh ri
|
arch of foot
|
bahl nahl
|
outside edge of foot
|
an bahl nahl
|
inside edge of foot
|
bahl badak
|
sole of foot
|
ahp chook
|
ball of foot
|
dwi koomchi
|
heel
|
dwi chook
|
bottom of heel
|
bahlkeut
|
toes
|
Tenets of Taekwondo
ye ui
|
courtesy
|
yom chi
|
integrity
|
in nae
|
perseverance
|
kuk gi
|
self-control (also “jah jeh“)
|
baekjool
|
indomitable spirit (also “boolgool eui jung shin“)
|
Body Movements
mom omgigi
|
movement of the body
|
mahki
|
block
|
chagi
|
kick
|
chirugi
|
thrust (or punch)
|
chigi
|
strike (with the hand)
|
jeek gi
|
strike (with the foot)
|
bahk gi
|
strike (with the head)
|
sahn ki sool
|
hand technique
|
bahl ki sool
|
foot technique
|
kyorugi
|
sparring
|
bituro
|
twisting
|
gamya
|
stepping (also “omkyuh didigi“)
|
kuht neun
|
walking
|
uro
|
moving in a particular direction (e.g. “ahp uro gamya” – stepping forward)
|
bang hyang bakoogi
|
changing direction
|
bitkyuh surgi
|
escaping
|
tdwim yu
|
jumping
|
dora
|
to turn
|
dolmyo
|
spinning
|
mee keul myu
|
sliding (also “mee kul gi“)
|
jupgi
|
holding/grabbing
|
donzigi
|
throwing
|
goorugi
|
rolling/tumbling
|
pyihagi
|
dodging
|
hecho
|
spreading
|
moyo
|
gathering
|
bojoo
|
covering
|
Directions
oo
|
right (also “oh-ruen“)
|
joa
|
left (also “wen“)
|
ahp
|
front
|
ahn
|
inner
|
bahkat
|
outer
|
bahndae
|
reverse
|
dwi
|
back
|
ahnuro
|
inward
|
bahkuro
|
outward
|
whee
|
high (up)
|
whee uro
|
upward
|
guande
|
middle
|
ulgool
|
high section (also “sahngdahn“)
|
momtong
|
middle section (also “chungdahn“)
|
ahrae
|
low section (also “hahdahn“)
|
Rank
kagup
|
rank
|
gup
|
grade
|
dan
|
degree
|
simsa
|
grading (or promotional) test
|
simsa kwan
|
examiner
|
dan gup jedo
|
system of rank
|
Hand Positions
sahnkal
|
knifehand
|
sahnkal jecho
|
knifehand with palm up
|
sahnkal deung
|
ridgehand (also “oppun sahnkal“)
|
sahn bahtong
|
palm heel (also “bahtong sahn“)
|
sahn deung
|
back hand (also “deung sahn“)
|
ah keum sahn
|
arc hand
|
galkwi sahn
|
ripping (or raking) hand
|
jipke sahn
|
pincers hand
|
joomok
|
fist
|
deung joomuk
|
back fist
|
yup joomuk
|
side fist
|
me joomuk
|
hammer-fist
|
inju joomuk
|
forefinger one-knuckle fist
|
bamchu joomuk
|
middle-finger one-knuckle fist
|
doo bam joomuk
|
two-knuckle fist
|
pyun joomuk
|
flat (or open) fist
|
omji joomuk
|
thumb-knuckle fist
|
kwan soo
|
spearhand (also “pyun sahnkeut“)
|
sahnkeut
|
spearfinger
|
gawi sahnkeut
|
scissors-shaped spearfingers
|
Hand Attacks
bahro chirugi
|
straight (return) punch
|
bahndae chirugi
|
reverse punch
|
gullgi chirugi
|
hook punch
|
yung seuk chirugi
|
combination (consecutive) punch
|
doo bun chirugi
|
double punch
|
sae bun chirugi
|
triple punch
|
sahnkeut chirugi
|
spearfinger thrust
|
sewo chirugi
|
vertical punch
|
gotjang chirugi
|
vertical fist punch
|
dolrya chirugi
|
round punch
|
dwijubo chirugi
|
upset punch
|
soteum chirugi
|
spring punch
|
nehryuh chirugi
|
downward punch
|
chi chirugi
|
uppercut punch
|
jae chuh chirugi
|
upper punch (also “jae chin chirugi“)
|
doo joomuk chirugi
|
doublefist punch
|
dikootja chirugi
|
`U’ (or `C’) shaped punch (hi-lo)
|
sosum chirugi
|
double uppercut punch
|
keumgang chirugi
|
diamond-shaped punch
|
nalgeh chirugi
|
wing-shaped punch
|
Blocks
bahkat palmahk mahki
|
outer forearm block
|
ahn palmahk mahki
|
inner forearm block
|
sahng palmahk mahki
|
twin forearm block
|
ahnuro mahki
|
inward block
|
bahkuro mahki
|
outward block
|
ahrae mahki
|
low block
|
cho kyo mahki
|
rising block
|
daebi mahki
|
guarding block
|
bituro mahki
|
twisting block
|
gahwi mahki
|
scissors block
|
keumgang mahki
|
diamond-shaped (Hercules) block
|
gutjha mahki
|
`9′-shaped block (cross block)
|
yeot pero mahki
|
`X’-shaped block (also “kyo cha mahki“)
|
santeul mahki
|
mountain-shaped block (also “osanteul mahki“)
|
weh santeul mahki
|
part mountain-shaped block
|
utgallruyuh mahki
|
cross block (also “utgiruh mahki“)
|
hechuh mahki
|
scattered block (or wedge block)
|
hwang so mahki
|
ox (or “bull”) block
|
bahtangsahn nooluh mahki
|
pressing down block
|
deuluh oll ryu mahki
|
upward scooping fist block
|
Kicks
cha olligi
|
stretching kick
|
jillo chagi
|
thrusting kick
|
ahp chagi
|
front kick
|
yup chagi
|
side kick
|
dolrya chagi
|
round (roundhouse) kick
|
dwi chagi
|
back kick
|
bahndae dolrya chagi
|
reverse round kick (“hook kick” for some styles)
|
dwi dolrya chagi
|
back round kick (“hook kick” for some styles)
|
gullgi chagi
|
hook kick (also “golcho chagi” or “golro chagi“)
|
bahndall chagi
|
crescent kick (literally “half moon kick”)
|
hoohrio chagi
|
wheel kick
|
beet chagi
|
slant (or instep) kick
|
bahn dolrya chagi
|
half round kick (also “instep kick”)
|
beakya chagi
|
slap kick
|
nehryuh jeek gi
|
ax kick; literally “downward foot strike”
|
hwe jun chagi
|
swing kick
|
mil a chagi
|
pushing kick (also “mil gi chagi“)
|
gokwang i chagi
|
pickax kick
|
pyojuk chagi
|
target kick
|
dolmyo chagi
|
spinning kick
|
tdwim yah chagi
|
jumping kick
|
yung seuk chagi
|
combination (consecutive) kick
|
meekulmyu chagi
|
sliding kick (also “mikulgi chagi“)
|
goollruh chagi
|
rolling kick
|
natgeh tdwim yu chagi
|
hopping kick
|
nalla chagi
|
flying kick (also “goong jung chagi“)
|
gahwi chagi
|
scissors kick
|
illja chagi
|
linear kick
|
japgo chagi
|
holding (grasp) kick
|
ohpo chagi
|
falling kick (leg sweep)
|
nachu oh chagi
|
stooping kick
|
Stances
sohgi
|
stance
|
jah seh
|
posture (or stance) [used instead of “sohgi” in some styles]
|
ahnjun sohgi
|
sitting stance
|
ahp sohgi
|
front stance
|
ahp koo bi sohgi
|
front bent knee stance (also just “ahp koo bi“)
|
dwi sohgi
|
back stance
|
dwi koo bi sohgi
|
back bent knee stance (also just “dwi koo bi“)
|
beom sohgi
|
cat (or tiger) stance (also “goyang-i sohgi“)
|
kuht neun sohgi
|
walking stance
|
juchoom sohgi
|
horseback riding stance (“kima sohgi” in some styles)
|
mot sohgi
|
fighting stance
|
kyorugi sohgi
|
sparring stance
|
choon bi sohgi
|
ready stance (also “pyeonhi sohgi“)
|
gibon sohgi
|
basic stance
|
guande sohgi
|
middle stance
|
naranhee sohgi
|
parallel stance
|
niun ja sohgi
|
`L’-stance
|
gojang sohgi
|
fixed (lower-back) stance
|
sa sun sohgi
|
diagonal stance
|
gyuttari sohgi
|
fixed balance (or bent knee) stance
|
koh ah sohgi
|
crossed foot stance
|
kyo cha sohgi
|
`X’-stance
|
mo ah sohgi
|
close stance
|
joong-rib sohgi
|
neutral stance
|
dong yuk sohgi
|
dynamic stance
|
cha yun sohgi
|
natural stance
|
chagi sohgi
|
kicking stance
|
hahktari sohgi
|
crane stance (also “ue bal sohgi“)
|
Sparring
kyorugi
|
(free) sparring
|
han bun kyorugi
|
one step sparring
|
doo bun kyorugi
|
two step sparring
|
sae bun kyorugi
|
three step sparring
|
bahn ja yu kyorugi
|
semi free sparring
|
machu oh kyorugi
|
arranged free sparring
|
jeon
|
round (competition segment)
|
shihap
|
bout or match
|
jeum
|
point
|
shi gan
|
time out
|
keum bahk
|
out of bounds
|
kyong go
|
warning
|
gam jeum
|
deduction of point
|
shil kyuk
|
disqualification
|
boo sang
|
injury
|
seung
|
win
|
bi kim
|
tie
|
chung
|
blue
|
hong
|
red
|
hin
|
white
|
jajun bahl
|
use of footwork to dodge a technique
|
nachugi
|
body evasion by “ducking”
|
Forms
poomse
|
form (pronounced “poom-say”), also “hyung“
|
tul
|
patterns
|
jang
|
similar to a page or a chapter
|
yung seuk
|
combination
|
sa bang hyang
|
four direction
|
Uniform
dhee |
belt
|
dobok | uniform |
ha’i | training pants |
Equipment
hogoo
|
chest protector (also “bohogoo“)
|
sahn boho jang kap
|
protective gloves
|
pahlmahk bohodae
|
forearm guard
|
jung kang yi bohodae
|
shin guard
|
nang shim bohodae
|
groin cup
|
muh ree bohodae
|
protective head gear
|
eep bohodae
|
mouth guard
|
Commands
cha ryuht
|
attention
|
choon bi
|
ready
|
bah ro
|
return to starting position
|
dwi uro dorah
|
about face
|
dorah
|
turn
|
elosoh
|
stand
|
gomahn
|
stop (also “mum cho“)
|
geuk gi hyang ha yoh
|
face the flag
|
jwa woo hyang woo
|
face each other
|
sah bum nim keh
|
face instructor/master
|
sun bae nim keh
|
face senior student
|
simsa kwan nim keh
|
face examiner/tester
|
dobok dahnjung
|
fix your uniform
|
dhee dahnjung
|
fix your belt
|
hai sahn
|
class dismissed (also “hae cho“)
|
jonglee
|
line up (also “ji hap” and “jung yul“)
|
kyung nae
|
bow
|
ahnjoe
|
sit
|
kool o angi
|
kneel (kneeling)
|
bah ro angi
|
sit in lotus position (yoga posture)
|
bahl bah kwah
|
switch your stance (switch your feet)
|
koo ryung op see
|
in your own time
|
seijak
|
begin
|
shiuh
|
relax
|
kalyeo
|
break (or stop)
|
kae sok
|
continue
|
Common Phrases
ye
|
yes (also “ne“)
|
anio
|
no
|
kahm sa hamnida
|
thank you
|
komap sumnida
|
less formal form of “thank you”
|
cheon maeneyo
|
you’re welcome (literally “Don’t mention it!”)
|
cheuk ka hamnida
|
congratulations!
|
ahnyong hasimnika
|
How are you? (literally “Are you well?”
|
ahnyong hasayo
|
less formal form of “How are you?”
|
yoboseyo
|
hello
|
ahnyonghee gasipsiyo
|
good-bye (to the person who is leaving)
|
ahnyonghee gyesipsiyo
|
good-bye (to the person who is staying)
|
ahnyonghee gasayo
|
less formal form of “good-bye” (to the person who is leaving)
|
ahnyonghee gyesayo
|
less formal form of “good-bye” (to the person who is staying)
|
pangap seumnida
|
Pleased to meet you!
|
toh poepkeseoyo
|
See you later!
|
eoseo osayo
|
Welcome!
|
choesong hamnida
|
I’m sorry
|
mian hamnida
|
less formal form of “I’m sorry!”
|
shillye hamnida
|
Excuse me! (asking forgiveness for an impolite act)
|
kwaen chanayo
|
That’s all right
|
ahlge seoyo
|
I understand
|
moreuge seoyo
|
I don’t understand
|
chaemi isseoyo
|
It is fun (or interesting)!
|
Titles
do joo nim
|
founder (of the art)
|
kwan jang nim
|
grandmaster
|
chung sah nim
|
chief instructor (or “chief master”)
|
sah bum nim
|
instructor (or “master”)
|
sah boo nim
|
more intimate and respectful form of “sah bum nim“
|
kyo sah nim
|
teacher (also “seon saeng nim“)
|
sun bae nim
|
senior student
|
hu bae nim
|
junior student
|
hak saeng
|
student
|
suryun saeng
|
trainee
|
jeja
|
pupil
|
joo sim
|
referee
|
bu sim
|
judge
|
bae sim
|
juror
|
kae sim
|
time keeper
|
ki rohk
|
recorder
|
Miscellaneous
dojang
|
place where one trains (house of discipline)
|
gong-kyok
|
offense
|
hosinsool
|
self-defense
|
mukyum
|
meditation
|
kihap
|
yell
|
jung shin yuk
|
mental strength, or martial art spirit
|
jung shin dong il
|
concentration of the mind
|
jung shin soo yang
|
development (training) of the mind
|
jung do
|
the “right” way (correctness of action)
|
sim shin dahn ryun
|
mind and body discipline
|
chung myung kwon
|
development of the body, mind, and spirit
|
chi shik
|
knowledge of mind and thoughts
|
heng dong
|
execution (action) of the body and its techniques
|
pil seung
|
certain victory
|
il sok pil sai
|
one strike must kill
|
ho hyoop
|
breathing
|
shim ho hyoop
|
breathing control (deep breathing)
|
himm
|
force or power
|
ki
|
life-energy
|
dahnjun
|
the center of your “ki“
|
bokboo
|
the stomach area where “ki” is generated.
|
choong sim
|
center of gravity
|
chojum
|
focus (focal point) of your energy
|
jeung ga
|
increase (to strengthen or augment)
|
kyuk pa
|
breaking (the art of breaking boards, bricks, and tiles)
|
shibum
|
demonstration (or exhibition)
|
pyugi
|
stretching
|
ye jol
|
etiquette
|
jon gyung
|
respect
|
choong sung
|
loyalty (also “eui ri“)
|
jung jhik
|
honesty
|
kahjok
|
family
|